草魚健康養殖生產力對比及效益分析

摘要對2戶的池塘設備、放養品種構成、產量收益進行了投資構成、養魚品種、池塘、資金、勞動(人力)等5項生產力的對比分析,結果表明,養魚投資飼料是主體。按總利潤和投資比折算,A、B戶每噸飼料贏利分別為1 779元、1 813元(含輔魚利潤),飼料系數分別為1.7、1.6。在放養密度(尾數)近似的情況下,大規格魚種對增加池塘生產力資金增益率有顯著作用。草魚是淡水養魚品種調整的主養魚。草魚的市場價格、消費者喜愛程度、群體產量以及成熟年齡都高于鯉魚。輔養魚(鰱、鳙)的產量比重和規格是提高資金效益的重要部分。輔魚產量B是A的2.17倍,產值B是A的3.35倍。利潤B占24.1%,A占8.5%。施肥不僅能提高輔魚產量比重和規格,而且能調節水質,維持浮游藻類消長平衡,促進主魚正常生長,增加綜合效益。人力生產力與單位產量、效益和經營規模呈正相關。養魚專業戶要有0.67hm2以上的適宜規模。人力管理不單是喂魚、加水、防病,而是把池塘、魚種、飼料等物化技術、養魚技術、資金在時空上恰當地融合在一起的管理技術。這樣才能凝聚成高產、低耗、高規格、高價位、高效益,達到養魚盈利的目的。
　　關鍵詞草魚;健康養殖;生產力對比;效益分析 體育論文發表

　　AbstractPond equipment,stocking species composition,yield proceeds of investment composition were analyzed by compared the fish species,pond,capital,labor(human)comparative analysis of five kinds of productivity. The results showed that:Feed investment was the main investment in the fish culture .In terms of total profits and investment in conversion per ton feed for A household earnings in 1 779 yuan and B 1 813 yuan ,including the auxiliary fish profit. The feed coefficient of A was 1.7 and B was 1.6. In the case of the similar stocking density(mantissa),the large-sized fish played a distinct role in increasing capital gains rate of pond productivity.The grass carp is a main fish to adjust the freshwater fish species. The grass carp have an advantage over the carp in the market price,consumers love degree,group yield and the age of maturity.The yield ratio and specifications of the auxiliary fish(silver carp and bighead carp)were important to improve the profit.B was 2.17 times the auxiliary fish productivity of A,and 3.35 times the output of A.B profit accounted for 24.1% of output,but A 8.5%. Fertilization can not only increase the yield ratio and specifications of the auxiliary fish,but also to regulate water quality,maintain the balance between growth and decline of planktonic algae ,promote the normal growth of the main fish and increase comprehensive earnings.Human productivity and unit yield,efficiency and scale of operation positively correlated.Fish specialized households should be over 0.67hm2. Human resource management is not just feeding the fish,adding water,preventing disease,but a management techniques of fusing fish farming technology,financial resources,physical and chemical techniques about pond,fish,fodder,etc.,properly in time and space. In this way,fish farming can score the goal of high-yield,low-consumption,high-specification,high-priced,high-efficiency in order to achieve profit.
　　Key wordsgrass carp;healthy breeding;productive comparison;benefit analysis
　　草魚健康養殖是個復雜的綜合系統工程[1]。在已述的健康養殖“關鍵防治原則”基礎上,筆者對養殖環境、放養密度、產量效益加以補充闡述,通過對2戶的池塘設備、放養品種構成、產量收益進行投資構成、養魚品種、池塘、資金、勞動(人力)等5項生產力的對比分析,旨在進一步提高養魚效益。現將分析對比結果總結如下,以期為養殖者提供參考。
　　
　　1材料與方法
　　
　　1.1試驗材料
本試驗材料取自2004年年終,在山東六和飼料集團服務期間,對使用六和魚料的養魚戶進行回訪調查記錄。其中一戶是濟南白云湖張國榮(以A代表),另一戶是德州仙人湖石廷強(以B代表)的實養結果。2戶魚塘狀況與設備等基本情況見表1。
　　1.2試驗方法 快速論文發表
　　2戶放養品種、數量及成本見表2。2戶均喂德州六和魚顆粒飼料,所用飼料質量及數量見表3。B戶種蘇丹草667m2,產草11t,按4%折算產草魚440kg。施雞糞8t及化肥。按常規開啟和關閉增氧機及加注新水。A戶為老塘,池底平坦,淤泥厚40cm以上,消毒后即放魚種。3月消毒殺蟲1次,自5月后按500℃/d進行殺蟲預防,每20～30d施1次生石灰20～30mg/kg,全年用藥費700元。B戶為新加深老塘,無底泥,施雞糞作底肥,外加化肥作追肥調水。5月底前魚病不斷,多次用消毒劑、殺蟲藥反復治療,6月中下旬開始控制穩定,共用藥費2 000元。
　　
　　2結果與分析
　　
　　2.1產量及效益
　　2戶養魚產量及效益見表4。
　　2.2投資構成生產力分析
　　養魚投資由池租費、清塘費、機械折舊費(不計)、魚種費、飼料(肥)費、水電費、藥物費等構成。在這些成本費中,前4項是固定(不變)成本,其余為活(可變)成本,其構成見表5。由表5可看出,A、B兩戶飼料投入分別占總投入的77%、73%